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Cressa truxillensis

Kunth (1819)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Cressa

cressa, makihi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Subshrubs or suffrutescent herbs.

Stems: Stems erect or decumbent, usually 5–35 cm long, hirsute to sericeous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic to lanceolate or ovate–lanceolate, 3–10 mm long, 1–4 mm wide. Apex usually acute. Base acute to obtuse. Surfaces hirsute to sericeous; blades often fleshy. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–2 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary and axillary, usually at the tips of the branches, pedicels 1–3 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic, 5-merous. Calyx of 5 sepals, distinct, imbricate, herbaceous, elliptic, subequal, inner ones sometimes obovate, 3–4.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, pubescent, margins scarious, apex obtuse or acute, persistent, occasionally accrescent. Corolla of 5 fused petals; petals white, 5–6.5 mm long, salverform, the tube 3–3.5 mm long, hidden within the calyx, the lobes obtuse to subacute, imbricate, 2.4–3 mm long, with tufts of hairs near apex. Stamens 5, distinct, exserted, equal, 4–6 mm long; filaments equal, joined at the glandular pubescent base, inserted on corolla tube base alternate with corolla lobes; anthers dithecal, oblong, extrorse. Ovary superior, ovoid, 1-celled to nearly 2-celled; ovules 4, these erect, anatropous, placentation basal or basal-axile, apex pubescent; styles 2, distinct or nearly so,unequal, 3.5–5 mm long; stigmas 2, capitate.

Fruit: Capsules tan to brown; 5–6 mm long; 4-valved; often ovoid; apically pubescent; dehiscent by valves; transversely; or irregularly; or indehiscent and berry-like or nut-like [exclude?]. Seeds usually 1; dark brown or black; ovoid; 3–3.5 mm long; glabrous; endosperm absent or scanty; cartilaginous; cotyledons usually foliaceous.

Ploidy: 2n = 28

Habitat: Occurring on drying mudflats and sand along and behind beaches.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Indigenous
Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Kaho'olawe Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 93 (1819)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:552 (O, Mo, Ka)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kealaikahiki point sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1748 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
2 Cressa truxillensis Kunth near military camp Naturalized. Mesic mid-elevation residential, farm, unmaintained area (Pittsporum viridiflorum, Asparagus asparagoides, Acacia mearnsii). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. aschmann, s. collector number: 9211b Maui BISH 4/21/1989
3 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kaluakoi, n side of kepuhi bay in front of resort golf course native strand, with Sporobolus virginicus, in coral sand between lava rocks PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lorence, d.h. collector number: 6686 Molokai BISH 1/19/1991
4 Cressa truxillensis Kunth laau point soil and sand, back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2974 Molokai BISH 4/6/1973
5 Cressa truxillensis Kunth puuloa dry forest, roadside PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
6 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kepuhi, kaluakoi Intertidal basalt ledge PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. et al. collector number: 12460 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1932
7 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Pearl River PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Oahu BISH
8 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Ka Lae o Ka Laau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 64.Mo Molokai BISH 6/1/1912
9 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kaluakoi District, Kamakaipo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5729 Molokai US 3/9/1976
10 Cressa truxillensis Kunth near pearl city Open, dry a'a, native forest [with] Diospyros, Santalum, Colubrina, Xylosma. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2410 Hawaii BISH 1895-06-11
11 Cressa truxillensis Kunth sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point sandy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
12 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kaluakoi, Kamakaipo along and back of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5729 Molokai BISH 3/9/1976
13 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kaluakoi, SW coast of Molokai. Saline soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. R. Fosberg 66027 Molokai PTBG 1/19/1991
14 Cressa truxillensis Kunth SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L. W.; Char, W. P. 378 Kahoolawe US 4/22/1980
15 Cressa truxillensis Kunth PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 1988 Molokai US
16 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kepuhi, West Molokai, near shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 3365 Molokai US 4/28/2028
17 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kaluakoi, n side of kepuhi bay in front of kaluakoi resort golf course PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. h. lorence 6686 Molokai US 1/19/1991
18 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Laau Point Back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 2974 Molokai US 4/6/1973
19 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kepuhi, west molokai, near shore. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3365 Molokai US 4/28/1928
20 Cressa truxillensis Kunth sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. cuddihy & w. char 378 Kahoolawe US 4/22/1980
21 Cressa truxillensis Kunth puuloa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 5996 Kauai US 7/28/1932
22 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Steep hillside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN UT
23 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kealaikahiki point sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1747 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
24 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Pearl Harbor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Wiebke, H. 3366 Oahu US 4/27/2020
25 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kepuhi, Kaluakoi rocks, upper beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 12460 Molokai BISH 12/22/1932
26 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kaluakoi, N side of Kepuhi Bay in front of Kaluakoi Resort golf course. Native strand vegetation with Sporobolus virginicus growing in coral sand between lava rocks between high tide zone and alien grasses and weeds along golf course. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6686 Molokai PTBG 1/19/1991
27 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Laau Point. Back and edge of beach. soil and sand PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Derral Herbst 2974 Molokai PTBG 4/6/1973
28 Cressa truxillensis Kunth West coast, 1 mile North of Honokanaia, Smuggler's Cove. Open coastal dune, West aspect. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2928 Kahoolawe PTBG 1/24/1994
29 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Sandy beach SW of Kaukaukapapa beach and N. of Kealaikahiki Pt. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN L. W. Cuddihy 378 Kahoolawe PTBG 4/22/1980
30 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Laau Pt. Coastal strand. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2665 Molokai PTBG 7/8/1993
31 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Honolulu, Fort Shafter, near salt marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 13845 Oahu US 6/23/2016
32 Cressa truxillensis Kunth pearl harbor PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & h. wiebke 3366 Kauai US
33 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kaluakoi district, kamakaipo PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5729 Molokai US 3/9/1976
34 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kaluakoi, N side of Kepuhi Bay in front of Kaluakoi Resort golf course PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lorence, D. H. 6686 Molokai US 1/19/1991
35 Cressa truxillensis Kunth W coast, 1 mile N of Honokanaia, Smuggler's Cove, Open coastal dune, W aspect Dominant in areas along coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Gon, S.; Johns, C.; Montgomery, S. 2928 Kahoolawe US 1/24/1994
36 Cressa truxillensis Kunth honolulu, fort shafter, near salt marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 13845 Oahu US 6/23/1916
37 Cressa truxillensis Kunth near pearl city PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2410 Oahu US 1895-06-11
38 Cressa truxillensis Kunth laau point Back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 2974 Molokai US 4/6/1973
39 Cressa truxillensis Kunth w coast, 1 mile n of honokanaia, smuggler's cove, open coastal dune, w aspect Dominant in areas along coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, s. gon, c. johns & s. montgomery 2928 Kahoolawe US 1/24/1994
40 Cressa truxillensis Kunth w end, kawakiu Ohia-treefern dieback. Soil a deep and moderately well drained organic/ash; substrate unknown. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Coprosma spp., Ilex anomala, Gouldia sp., Cheirodendron trigynum & Psychotria sandwicensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2363 Hawaii BISH 4/19/1985
41 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kaluakoi, kamakaipo along and back of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. spence, g. collector number: 5729 Molokai BISH 3/9/1976
42 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Puuloa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 5996 Oahu US 7/28/1932
43 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Near military camp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 9211b Kahoolawe BISH 4/21/1989
44 Cressa truxillensis Kunth near pearl city PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2410 Oahu BISH 1895-06-11
45 Cressa truxillensis Kunth near Pearl City PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2410 Oahu BISH 1895-00-00
46 Cressa truxillensis Kunth West Molokai, Kepuhi near shore, dried clay bottomed streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3365 Molokai BISH 4/28/1928
47 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kealaikahiki Point Sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1748 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
48 Cressa truxillensis Kunth sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Oahu BISH 4/22/1980
49 Cressa truxillensis Kunth transect c5, behind beach, kaukaukapapa bay boulders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN char, w.p. collector number: 78.080 Kahoolawe BISH 11/26/1978
50 Cressa truxillensis Kunth SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy beach, in sand substrate near sea level. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
51 Cressa truxillensis Kunth beach near ka lae ka iho iho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 618 mo Molokai BISH 3/25/1915
52 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Transect C5, behind beach, Kaukaukapapa Bay Boulders PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Char, W.P. 78.08 Kahoolawe BISH 11/26/1978
53 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Beach near Ka Lae o Ka Ilio PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 618 Mo Molokai BISH 3/25/1915
54 Cressa truxillensis Kunth N part of Papohaku Beach inland in dry stream bed with Ipomoea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 10126 Molokai BISH 10/15/1983
55 Cressa truxillensis Kunth W end, Kawakiu ~200 yds. inland on mud flats along standing water in steam bottom PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2362 Molokai BISH 4/19/1985
56 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Puuloa landfill, drying mud PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
57 Cressa truxillensis Kunth w end, kawakiu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2361 Lanai BISH 4/19/1985
58 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kealaikahiki Point Sand, rocks, above high wave mark PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1747 Kahoolawe BISH 4/13/1983
59 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Pearl Harbor dried mud flat PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 3366 Oahu BISH 4/1/1927
60 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christensen, C. 150 Kauai BISH 2/12/1977
61 Cressa truxillensis Kunth pearl harbor dried mud flat PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3366 Oahu BISH 4/1/1927
62 Cressa truxillensis Kunth n part of papohaku beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. holt, r.a. collector number: 10126 Maui BISH 10/15/1983
63 Cressa truxillensis Kunth kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN christensen, c. collector number: 150 Kauai BISH 2/12/1977
64 Cressa truxillensis Kunth pearl river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lanai BISH
65 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Laau Point soil and sand, back and edge of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2974 Molokai BISH 4/6/1973
66 Cressa truxillensis Kunth W end, Kawakiu sand and soil, upper end of beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2361 Molokai BISH 4/19/1985
67 Cressa truxillensis Kunth ka lae o ka laau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 64.mo Molokai BISH 6/1/1912
68 Cressa truxillensis Kunth west molokai, kepuhi near shore, dried clay bottomed streambed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. wiebke, h. collector number: 3365 Molokai BISH 4/28/1928
69 Cressa truxillensis Kunth sw of kaukaukapapa beach and n of kealaikahiki point On dry exposed ridge. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. char, w.p. collector number: 378 Kauai BISH 4/22/1980
70 Cressa truxillensis Kunth puuloa landfill, drying mud PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 5996 Oahu BISH 7/28/1932
71 Cressa truxillensis Kunth no specific locality PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Christensen, C. 171 Niihau BISH
72 Cressa truxillensis Kunth SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy beach, in sand substrate near sea level. Localized between this beach and Kealaikahiki Point. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Char, W.P. Collector Number: 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
73 Cressa truxillensis Kunth w end sea coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilder, g.p. collector number: 91 Molokai BISH 9/21/1924
74 Cressa truxillensis Kunth SW of Kaukaukapapa Beach and N of Kealaikahiki Point Sandy PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 378 Kahoolawe BISH 4/22/1980
75 Cressa truxillensis Kunth W end sea coast PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wilder, G.P. 91 Molokai BISH 9/21/1924
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